华夷观念是中国古代民族关系思想的核心内容，其从“夷夏之辨”到“华夷一体”的演变历程，深刻体现了中华“和”文化的内在逻辑与精神张力。“和”文化以“和而不同”为认知原则、“和实生物”为生成机制、“致中和”为价值追求，构成了华夷观念演变的思想底色。本文以春秋战国时期为中心，从政治联姻、文化整合、制度变革、忧患意识与仁勇精神等维度，系统考察华夷观念从差异区隔到融合一体的历史进程，揭示“和”文化如何在差异中寻求统一、在冲突中推动融合，最终促成“华夷一体”格局的形成。研究表明，华夷观念的演变并非简单的同化过程，而是在“和”文化精神指引下的多元共生与辩证融合，这一历史经验为中华民族共同体意识的当代建构提供了重要思想资源。

The Hua–Yi (Huaxia–Yi) conception is central to ancient Chinese thinking on ethnic relations. Its evolution from the "distinction between Yi and Xia" to the "integration of Hua and Yi" deeply reflects the internal logic and spiritual tension of the Chinese culture of “He”, which takes "harmony without uniformity" as its cognitive principle, "harmony generates things" as its generative mechanism, and "attaining the mean and harmony" as its value pursuit. Focusing on the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, this article examines the historical process whereby the Hua–Yi conception moved from differentiation to integration, analyzing dimensions such as political intermarriage, cultural integration, institutional reform, the sense of vigilance in times of peace, and the spirit of benevolence and courage. It shows how the culture of harmony sought unity within difference and promoted integration through conflict, ultimately bringing about the pattern of Hua–Yi integration. The study demonstrates that this evolution was not a process of simple assimilation but one of pluralistic coexistence and dialectical fusion guided by the culture of harmony, offering important intellectual resources for the contemporary construction of a sense of community for the Chinese nation.