本文从近代社会文化史角度，以北京地区为个案，探讨节日文化在政治变革、社会转型与文化碰撞中的演变轨迹。通过分析晚清至民国时期传统节日的延续与调适、根据地时期中共对节日的改造实践，以及新中国成立后节日体系的重构，揭示节日作为社会文化载体如何反映权力关系变动、阶层互动与城市空间的再生产。研究显示，北京节日文化经历了从“民间自发”到“意识形态工具”的转型，成为观察近代中国社会变革的重要窗口。

This paper explores the evolutionary trajectory of festival culture in Beijing from the perspective of modern social and cultural history, examining how traditional festivities transformed amid political upheavals, social transitions, and cultural collisions. By analyzing the continuity and adaptation of traditional festivals during the late Qing and Republic era, the CCP’s practices of festive reform in the base areas, and the post-1949 reconstruction of the festival system, the study reveals how festivals—as sociocultural carriers—reflect shifts in power dynamics, class interactions, and the reproduction of urban spaces. The research demonstrates that Beijing’s festival culture underwent a transformation from grassroots spontaneity to an instrument of ideological governance, emerging as a critical window into modern Chinese social transformation.