光绪二十三年黑龙江将军恩泽倡议编修《黑龙江通志》，《墨尔根志》是唯一依官方二十八门通志体例完整修成的嫩江地区方志。该志为海内外孤本，1986年经中日学者协作获取胶卷方才得以在国内整理刊布。该志系统记载墨尔根地区建置、驿防、族群、垦殖等史实。笔者以《墨尔根志》原文为核心材料，梳理志书编纂背景与抄本源流，系统阐述其所记载的疆域沿革与自然地理、八旗制度与驿边防务、民生经济与多元社会等核心内容，辩证分析其史料价值与编纂局限，为东北边疆治理、嫩江流域历史地理与北方族群史研究提供一手文献参照。

In the 23rd year of the Guangxu reign, Enze, General of Heilongjiang, initiated the compilation of the General Records of Heilongjiang. Mo'ergen zhi is the only local chronicle of the Nenjiang region fully compiled in accordance with the official 28-chapter format for general local records. Preserved as a unique extant copy worldwide, this chronicle was sorted out and published domestically in 1986 after Chinese and Japanese scholars jointly obtained its microfilm. It systematically records historical facts concerning the administrative establishment, postal station defense, ethnic groups, land reclamation and other matters of the Mo'ergen area. Taking the original text of Mo'ergen zhi as core source material, this paper sorts out the compilation background and manuscript origin of the chronicle, elaborates on its key records including territorial evolution and physical geography, the Eight Banners system and postal station frontier defense, as well as people’s livelihood, economy and diverse local society, and dialectically analyzes its historical document value and editorial limitations. It provides first-hand documentary references for research on the governance of Northeast borderlands, historical geography of the Nenjiang River Basin, and the history of northern ethnic groups.