本文以三一语法为理论基础，比较系统地考察现代汉语“不A不B”结构的形式构成、功能作用和典型语境。从形式上看，该结构以两个否定标记“不”对A、B两个语义相关项进行对称性组织，A、B多为单音节性质词、动作动词或状态性语素，也可进入部分双音节和成语化格式；二者之间既可以是相近、相反、并列关系，也可以是同一语义场中的互补关系。从功能上看，“不A不B”并非简单的双重否定，而是在否定两端、凸显中间状态、表达评价态度和塑造动作情状之间形成连续功能，可作谓语、定语、状语、补语或独立评价语。从语境上看，该结构广泛分布于日常交往、人物描写、公共服务、职场沟通、校园学习和网络表达等场景，具有较强的语体弹性和情感调节能力。本文基于典型语料观察，进一步提出面向国际中文学习者的结构辨析、搭配训练、情感标注和场景化输出策略，以帮助学习者突破形式识别、语义推断和语用适配方面的难点。

Based on the SanYi Grammar theory, this paper systematically examines the formal structure, functional roles and typical contexts of the “bu A bu B” construction in modern Chinese. Formally, the construction organizes two semantically related components A and B through two negative markers, forming a symmetrical and rhythmically balanced pattern. A and B are usually monosyllabic adjectives, verbs or state-related morphemes, and they may enter antonymous, synonymous, complementary or lexicalized relations. Functionally, the construction does not merely express double negation. It can deny two extremes, highlight an intermediate state, convey evaluation, regulate degree and describe manners of action. Pragmatically, it is widely used in daily communication, literary description, workplace interaction, school contexts and online discourse, with its emotional value varying according to context. The paper further proposes teaching strategies such as structural comparison, collocation training, affective labeling and contextualized output, aiming to help Chinese learners overcome difficulties in form recognition, semantic inference and pragmatic adaptation.