本文立足《1844年经济学哲学手稿》，系统探讨马克思异化劳动理论及其指向的人的解放路径。通过梳理该理论所产生的思想理论渊源，揭示资本主义私有制下人的生存困境。进而论证人的解放本质是对异化劳动的积极扬弃与类本质复归，提出通过无产阶级革命、发展生产力从而迈向“自由人联合体”的解放路径。

Based on the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844, this paper systematically explores Marx's theory of alienated labor and the path to human emancipation it points to. By sorting out the ideological and theoretical origins of this theory, it reveals the human survival dilemma under the capitalist private - ownership system. Furthermore, it demonstrates that the essence of human emancipation lies in the positive sublation of alienated labor and the return to the species - essence. It also proposes the path to emancipation towards the "association of free individuals" through the proletarian revolution and the development of productive forces.