概数是现代汉语中表达模糊数量的重要形式，其中“来”与“多”作为使用频率最高、用法最具代表性的概数词，是初级阶段来华留学生习得汉语数量表达的重点和难点。由于“来”与“多”在句法分布、语义范围、语用功能上既有共性又有差异，再加上留学生母语迁移、汉语本体知识掌握不扎实、教学引导不足等因素，初级阶段留学生在使用这两个概数词时频繁出现各类偏误，严重影响其汉语交际的准确性和流畅性。本文以初级阶段来华留学生为研究对象，结合对外汉语教学实践与相关文献资料，首先梳理“来”与“多”的汉语本体用法及核心差异，再通过搜集整理留学生的口语表达、书面作业等语料，系统分析其习得偏误的类型、特点及成因，最后基于偏误分析结果，提出针对性的教学策略，为初级阶段对外汉语概数词教学提供理论参考和实践指导，助力留学生更好地掌握“来”与“多”的用法，提升汉语数量表达能力。

Approximate numbers are an important means of expressing indefinite quantities in modern Chinese. As the most frequently used and representative approximate numerals, lai (来) and duo (多) serve as key and difficult points for international students in China at the elementary level to acquire Chinese numerical expressions. Due to the similarities and differences between lai and duo in syntactic distribution, semantic scope and pragmatic functions, combined with factors such as first language transfer, insufficient mastery of Chinese theoretical knowledge and inadequate teaching guidance, elementary-level international students frequently make various errors in using these two approximate numerals, which seriously affects the accuracy and fluency of their Chinese communication. Taking international students in China at the elementary level as the research subject, this paper combines TCFL (Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language) practice and relevant literature. It first sorts out the usages and core differences of lai and duo in modern Chinese, then systematically analyzes the types, characteristics and causes of acquisition errors based on corpus collected from students’ oral expressions and written assignments. Finally, targeted teaching strategies are proposed according to the error analysis results, aiming to provide theoretical references and practical guidance for the teaching of approximate numerals to elementary-level international students, and help them better master the usage of lai and duo and improve their ability to express quantities in Chinese.