在我国人口老龄化加速与乡村振兴战略叠加的背景下，传统乡镇养老服务面临家庭结构空心化、服务供给断层、老年人主体性缺失等多重困境。本文以湖南省株洲市攸县Z镇为案例，基于能动性老龄化理论与新内源发展理论，构建“乡镇养老联合体”的分析框架，系统考察其运行逻辑与优化路径。研究发现，养联体通过“组织结构、运作机制、外部支持、在地资源”四大维度的协同联动，形成了“激活内生主体”与“盘活在地资源”的闭环运行逻辑，实现了从“被动接受”到“主动参与”的老年人角色转型，共同构建了低依赖、高参与、可持续的乡镇养老共生系统。尽管养联体在激发老年人能动性与整合本地资源方面展现出显著成效，但仍面临思想观念束缚、资金短缺与多元主体协同不足等现实挑战。未来应进一步完善多层次养老服务体系，强化数字平台支撑，优化利益表达与诉求回应机制，推动养老服务从“输血式”供给向“造血式”发展转型。

Against the backdrop of China’s accelerating population aging and the rural revitalization strategy, traditional township-level elderly care services face multiple challenges, including the hollowing out of family structures, gaps in service provision, and a lack of agency among the elderly. Taking Z Town in You County, Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province as a case study, this paper constructs an analytical framework for “township elderly care consortia” based on the theories of active aging and new endogenous development, and systematically examines their operational logic and optimization pathways. The study finds that through the synergistic interaction of four key dimensions—organizational structure, operational mechanisms, external support, and local resources—the care consortium has formed a closed-loop operational logic that “activates endogenous actors” and “mobilizes local resources.” This has facilitated a transformation in the role of the elderly from “passive recipients” to “active participants,” collectively building a low-dependence, high-participation, and sustainable symbiotic system for township elderly care. Although the elderly care consortiums have demonstrated significant effectiveness in stimulating the agency of the elderly and integrating local resources, they still face practical challenges such as constraints imposed by traditional mindsets, funding shortages, and insufficient coordination among diverse stakeholders. In the future, efforts should focus on further improving the multi-tiered elderly care service system, strengthening digital platform support, optimizing mechanisms for expressing interests and responding to demands, and promoting a transformation of elderly care services from “blood transfusion-style” supply to “blood production-style” development.