《1844年经济学哲学手稿》（以下简称《手稿》）是马克思通过批判国民经济学，建立自己政治经济学思想的开篇之作，也是完整把握其思想那思想历史脉络、核心要义的关键。以亚当·斯密、大卫·李嘉图为代表的国民经济学家发现并发展了劳动价值论，却没有看到隐藏在劳动创造价值之后的本质。马克思通过对国民经济学的深入剖析，对国民经济客观现实的考察。揭示了异化劳动这一贯穿资本主义生产过程的核心现象，并以此为理论支点与分析工具，对国民经济学的理论体系展开了全方位、系统性的批判。

The “Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844” (hereinafter referred to as the “Manuscripts”) is Marx’s inaugural work in establishing his own ideas on political economy through his critique of national economics. It is also crucial for gaining a comprehensive understanding of his ideological historical context and core tenets. National economists such as Adam Smith and David Ricardo, who discovered and developed the labor theory of value, failed to recognize the underlying essence that lies behind labor’s creation of value. Marx, through his in-depth analysis of national economics and examination of the objective realities of the national economy, revealed the phenomenon of alienated labor, which is a central feature of the capitalist production process. He used this as a theoretical foundation and analytical tool to carry out a comprehensive and systematic critique of the theoretical frameworks of national economics.