“X然”类的词语在汉语中很常见，它们在不同的语境中有不同的用法，把汉语作为第二语言的学习者不易掌握这类词语。本文选取“X然”类词语中的“当然”和“固然”这两个词，从共时性的角度出发，考察它们在语篇环境中的句法、语义、语用功能，剖析两者的异同点，研究它们各自的语法特征和用法功能，并且通过对语料库数据的筛选与分析，探究汉语学习者在语言实际运用中的偏误情况，为对外汉语教学和相关问题的研究提供一定的依据。

Words in the category of “X ran” are very common in Chinese, and they have different usages in different contexts, which are not easy to be mastered by learners of Chinese as a second language. In this paper, we select the words “dang ran” and “gu ran” in the category of “X ran” , and examine their syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic functions in the discourse environment from the perspective of cooccurrence, analyze their similarities and differences, and study the differences and similarities between them. We analyze the similarities and differences between the two words, study their grammatical features and usage functions, and explore the bias of Chinese learners in the actual use of the language by screening and analyzing the corpus data, so as to provide a certain basis for the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language and the study of related issues.