保持良好的社会阶层流动对于社会稳定意义重大，对我国构建长远发展机制，实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化也具有重大意义。实现高等教育的高质量发展对破除人才流动障碍、回应新时代促进社会公平正义的时代诉求有重要作用。本文基于中国综合社会调查（CGSS）2021年度数据，探究新时代背景下高等教育对社会阶层流动的作用效果。研究结果显示：（1）接受高等教育的个体社会阶层提升的概率更高，提升幅度更加显著。（2）高等教育对不同社会阶层的流动影响存在差异，对社会底层群体的流动影响更为显著。（3）高等教育的社会阶层提升效应在个体的英语能力上存在显著性差异，英语能力强的个体更有机会通过高等教育实现阶层的提升。（4）高等教育的社会阶层提升效应在个体所处区域位置上存在显著性差异，处于东部地区的个体通过高等教育获得阶层提升机会的概率相对较低；而西部地区的个体更容易通过高等教育实现阶层提升，且实现社会阶层提升的幅度更大。因此，在新时代背景下，要推动高等教育高质量发展，充分发挥高等教育在社会阶层流动与维护社会和谐发展过程中的作用，提高高等教育的普及和质量，构建弱势阶层补偿机制来保障教育公平，进而优化社会阶层结构。

Maintaining good social class mobility is of great significance to social stability, and it also plays a key role in China’s long-term development mechanism and the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. The realization of high-quality development in higher education plays an important role in breaking down the barriers to talent mobility and responding to the demands of the times to promote social fairness and justice in the new era. Based on the data from China’s General Social Survey (CGSS) in 2021, this paper explores the effect of higher education on social class mobility in the new era. The results show that:(1) Individuals with higher education have a higher probability of social class improvement, with a more significant increase in their social status. (2) There are differences in the impact of higher education on the mobility of different social classes, with a more significant effect on the mobility of individuals from lower social classes. (3) The social class promotion effect of higher education varies significantly based on individuals' English proficiency. Those with stronger English skills have more opportunities to achieve class promotion through higher education. (4) There are significant regional differences in the social class promotion effect of higher education. Individuals in the eastern regions have a lower probability of obtaining class promotion through higher education, whereas individuals in the western regions are more likely to achieve class promotion, with a greater degree of upward mobility. Therefore, in the context of the new era, it is necessary to promote the high-quality development of higher education, give full play to the role of higher education in the process of social class mobility and maintaining harmonious social development, improve the popularization and quality of higher education, and build a compensation mechanism for vulnerable classes to ensure educational equity, thereby optimizing the social class structure.