图式理论从产生到现在的发展，已经经过了二百多年的发展史。图式理论自诞生以来，在多个学科领域产生了深远的影响，在人类语言学、认知语言学、人类学、二语习得等领域的应用广泛。本文采用定量分析和定性分析的方法，对几十年来图式理论在对外汉语教学词汇教学、听力教学和阅读理解教学方面的应用，对其做一个较为全面的综述，通过深入分析相关文献，总结图式理论在对外汉语教学中的实际应用、影响及挑战，并展望图式理论未来的研究方向。

Schema theory has gone through a history of more than 200 years from its inception to the present. Since its inception schema theory has had a profound impact in many disciplines and has been widely used in human linguistics cognitive linguistics anthropology second language acquisition and other fields. This paper makes a comprehensive review of the application of schema theory in vocabulary teaching, listening teaching and reading comprehension teaching of teaching Chinese as a foreign language (TCFL) in the past decades, and summarizes the practical application, influence and challenge of schema theory in TCFL by going deep into the relevant literature, and looks forward to the future research direction of schema theory.