概数助词是一类特殊的虚词，用于表示大概的数量、程度或范围，使语言表达在无法或无需精确表述时，依然能够传递清晰的语义信息。但概数助词如“把”“来”“多”等在表示数量、程度或范围时各有特点。依据其语义精确程度、使用频率和语法搭配构建层级体系，本文将概数助词分为核心层、扩展层和边缘层，为汉语教学过程中，针对不同阶段学习者的学习特点，对课堂教学、教材编写、课程设计，提供参考。

Approximative particles are a special type of function words, used to express approximate quantity, degree, or scope. They enable language expressions to convey clear semantic information even when precise expression is impossible or unnecessary. However, approximative particles such as “ba”, “lai”, and “duo” each have their own characteristics when indicating quantity, degree, or scope. By constructing a hierarchical system based on the precision of their semantics, frequency of use, and grammatical collocations, this paper classifies approximative particles into a core layer, an extended layer, and a peripheral layer. It provides references for classroom teaching, textbook compilation, and curriculum design in the process of Chinese language teaching, tailored to the learning characteristics of learners at different stages.