中国古代庙会是祭祀和祈福的主要活动场所，承载着当地的社会历史和文化记忆。本文主要以山西庙会为研究对象，深入剖析其社会与文化价值。从社会层面看，山西庙会不仅是商品交易的重要场所，促进了当地经济流通，还为民众提供了社交平台，增强了社区凝聚力。在文化层面，庙会上的民间信仰、戏曲表演、传统手工艺展示等活动，传承着山西地区独特的文化基因，是地域文化传承与发展的生动体现。但在现代化进程中，山西庙会也面临传承困境。本文旨在通过对山西庙会的研究，为中国传统庙会的保护与传承提供理论支持与实践参考，助力传统文化在新时代的可持续发展。

Ancient Chinese temple fairs were the main venues for worship and prayer, carrying the social history and cultural memory of the local area. This article mainly takes the temple fairs in Shanxi as the research object and deeply analyzes their social and cultural values. From a social perspective, the temple fairs in Shanxi are not only important places for commodity trading, promoting local economic circulation, but also provide a social platform for the people, enhancing community cohesion. From a cultural perspective, activities such as folk beliefs, opera performances, and traditional handicraft displays at the temple fairs carry the unique cultural genes of the Shanxi region and are a vivid manifestation of the inheritance and development of regional culture. However, in the process of modernization, the temple fairs in Shanxi also face the dilemma of inheritance. This article aims to provide theoretical support and practical reference for the protection and inheritance of traditional temple fairs in China through the research on the temple fairs in Shanxi, and to contribute to the sustainable development of traditional culture in the new era.