养老保险筹资模式直接影响养老保险基金筹集和养老金给付的可持续性，决定了养老保险制度的运行状况，进一步直接影响退休人员的生活水平。艾伦条件作为养老社会保险制度进行筹资模式选择的常用理论工具，艾伦条件的适用与否对筹资模式选择有重要的影响关系。本文通过梳理国内外养老保险筹资模式以及艾伦条件的相关文献与研究历程，对现收现付制与基金积累制两种筹资模式分析对比，分析目前艾伦条件的研究现状与发展方向，探讨艾伦条件在我国具体实践应用时应注意的问题。文章认为传统艾伦条件的假设脱离我国经济社会现实，应从我国人口老龄化和少子化等现实情况出发，优化艾伦条件，为艾伦条件注入新的生命力。

The financing mode of the pension system affects the sustainability of pension contributions and pension benefits directly, and further determines the living standards of retirees. The Aaron condition is a common theoretical tool for the selection of financing mode in the pension system. Whether the Aaron condition is applicable or not has an important impact on the choice of financing mode. By reviewing the relevant literature and research process of domestic and foreign pension financing models and Aaron condition, this paper compares the advantages and disadvantages of the Pay-As-You-Go system and the Fully Funded system, analyzes the current research situation and development direction of the Aaron condition. This article discusses the problems that should be paid attention to in the practical application of the Aaron conditions in China, holds that the assumption of the traditional Aaron condition is divorced from China’s economic and social reality. Therefore, it should be optimized based on the reality of population aging and low fertility rate in China.