文化价值观在推动各国现代化过程中发挥着不可替代的作用。不同的国家由于文化价值观的不同，在现代化进程中，对遇到的困难和问题采取了不同的处理方法，以至于产生了不同的结果，本文对比日本成功的现代化与拉美国家失败的现代化背后的价值观。以史为鉴，中国在迈向全面建设社会主义现代化强国的新征程中，必须重视社会主义核心价值观的作用，并发挥社会主义核心价值观在整体和个人层面的功能。

Cultural values play an irreplaceable role in promoting the modernization of countries. Due to different cultural values, different countries have adopted different methods to deal with the difficulties and problems encountered in the process of modernization, resulting in different results. This paper compares the values behind the successful modernization of Japan and the failed modernization of Latin American countries. Taking history as a lesson, China must attach importance to the role of socialist core values and give full play to the functions of socialist core values at the overall and individual levels in its new journey towards building a modern socialist country in an all-round way.