摘要/Abstract

“对”是现代汉语中使用频率非常高的介词。它的意义和用法非常丰富，既可表示“朝、向”的意义，也可表示“对待”，还可以构成“对…… 来说”等短语。本文将在前人研究的基础上，从历时和共时的角度分析汉语“对”字句中的部分句法和语义问题，采用分类描写的方法对“对”字句中的谓语形式进行归纳分析，另外，本文将采用对比分析法比较“对”字句和相应的一般主谓句，以便更好地了解和分析“对”字句的句法和语义形式。

“Dui” is a frequently used preposition in modern Chinese. Its meaning and usage is very rich which can mean “towards, to”, and can mean “treatment”, and can also constitute phrases like “dui...lai shuo”. On the basis of previous studies, this paper analyzes some of the syntactic and semantic problems in the Chinese “dui” sentence from the perspectives of diachronic and synchronic methods, and uses the method of categorization to summarize the predicate form in the “dui” sentences. In this paper, we will use the comparative analysis method to compare the “dui” sentence and the corresponding general predicate sentence in order to better understand and analyze the syntactic and semantic form of the word “dui”.