摘要/Abstract

本文讨论动词前“一”的两种用法: 1)非结句的“胡琴儿一响, 该他唱啦”; 2)结句的“我打开门, 见是他, 不由得一愣”。前者的“一”是完成体(perfect)用法, 不仅表示事件 的紧促发生, 还表示该事件预示着达到某种结果或状态, 即具有现时相关性, 在语篇中主要表示背景性动作。后者的“一”是完整体(perfective)用法, 仅表事件紧促发生, 在语篇中表示前景性动作。前者见于《孟子》《庄子》, 后者见于《金瓶梅》, 二者之间的语法化联系与类型学中完成体发展为完整体的路径是一致的。“一”作为完

Th is paper d iscusses two uses of y‰(一, one or once) functioning as an aspectualmarker pre2mod ifying verbs. The first is the perfective use in the second c lause of a sentence which signa ls an event that happened once or continues for a short time as an immed iate reaction to the preced ing even.t The second is the perfect use in the clause dependent on the following clause wh ich signa ls that an event happened once or continues for a short time and has current re levance to the following events or states. The dependen t adverbia ly‰occurs in the background event and the independent one in the foreground even.t Like the general d irection perfective y‰ is grammatica lized from the perfecty‰. But y‰as the lexica l resource of perfect forms a unique path in the aspectua l typology.