摘要/Abstract

本文旨在探讨英语句法对言语行为的关联方式，以及各句法的言语行为特征，以此揭示英语语句的言语行为范畴。通过对句法行为结构和言语行为结构的对比，分析了句法与言语行为的关联方式。研究发现，句法谓语对言语行为的形式标记，形成直接关联，并形成时态和情态的分野。叙述句谓语缺乏直接的形式标记，属于时态范畴；祈使句、情动句和虚拟句谓语在形式上都直接标记了言语行为，具有施为句的属性，与施为句一起属于情态范畴。

The paper puts forward the concept of act structure, assuming that both syntactic and speech act have their own structure. They are independent of each other in the structure, yet relevant to each other in some way. A direct correlation forms as Syntactic predicate marks the speech act in the form, otherwise, an indirect correlation, respectively resulting in a directly-related sentence and indirectly-related sentence. Speech acts are acts of interpersonal interaction; the interpersonal relations established by the speech are embodied in the basic structure of speech acts. Interpersonal behavior carries on modality and whether the speech act is involved in the predicate marks the boundary between tense and modality. So, a directly-related sentence belongs to the modal category, while an indirectly-related sentence the tense category. Performative, imperative, modal and virtual sentences are directly-related with their predicates directly marking their speech acts; narrative sentences are indirectly-related without their predicates marking the speech act in the form at all.