摘要/Abstract

19世纪是西方文化和文学发展的重要时期。自文艺复兴以后，近代主体性观念作为西方近代文化理念的核心内容，构建着西方文化关于人类存在的观念。到19世纪，西方主体性观念全面建立，西方近代文化发展到成熟，西方近代文学也达致高峰。历史的辩证发展，使西方近代文化在现代转型过程中，展开了对近代理性观念的深刻文化反思，近代主体性观念受到质疑，人的存在问题被重新加以考察。

19th century is an important period of development fou western culture and literature. Since the Renaissance, the mainstay of the modern western concept which is regarded as the core idea of modern culture, leaded to Western culture on the construction of the concept of human existence. To the 19th century, the principal of the western concept was established comprehensively. Modern western culture developed into maturity and modern Western literature also achieved the peak. The dialectical development of history makes modern western culture correctly in the modern transformation. The start of the modern concept of reason caused the profound cultural thinking again.The modern concept of the main idea has been challenged.At last,the problem of people’s existence was reinspected.