贝奈戴托·克罗齐作为二十世纪影响深远的历史哲学家与美学家，其思想体系中蕴含的浪漫主义史学观，构成了对十九世纪实证主义史学的深刻反思与批判。本文旨在梳理克罗齐史学思想的核心脉络，着重剖析其“一切真历史都是当代史”这一著名论断的哲学基础与浪漫主义意蕴。文章首先将克罗齐的史学观置于其精神哲学体系的整体框架中进行审视，阐明历史与哲学的同一性关系。其次，重点探讨克罗齐史学思想中浓厚的浪漫主义特征，表现为对历史主体精神的张扬、对直觉与理解的推崇以及对个体性与特殊性的强调。进一步，本文将克罗齐的浪漫主义史学观与兰克式的实证主义史学进行对比，揭示其试图超越客观主义与相对主义二元对立的努力。最后，文章将对克罗齐史学观的贡献与局限进行评价，并思考其对于当下历史研究的启示意义。克罗齐的史学观并非简单的历史相对主义，而是一种强调历史知识生成中主体精神参与的历史哲学，其浪漫主义底色使其在强调历史科学性的同时，从未放弃对历史“诗意”与“人性”的追求。

Benedetto Croce, as an enormously influential philosopher of history and aesthetics in the twentieth century, developed a romanticist view of history within his philosophical system that constituted a profound reflection on and critique of nineteenth-century positivist historiography. This paper aims to delineate the core tenets of Croce's historical thought, with a particular focus on analyzing the philosophical foundations and romanticist implications of his famous dictum, "all true history is contemporary history." The article first situates Croce's historiographical views within the overarching framework of his philosophy of spirit, elucidating the identity of history and philosophy. It then proceeds to examine the strong romanticist features inherent in Croce's thought, manifested in his celebration of the subjective spirit in history, his emphasis on intuition and understanding, and his insistence on individuality and particularity. Furthermore, this paper contrasts Croce's romanticist historiography with Rankean positivist historiography, revealing his endeavor to transcend the dichotomy between objectivism and relativism. Finally, the paper offers an assessment of the contributions and limitations of Croce's historiographical thought and reflects on its implications for contemporary historical research. Croce's historiography is not a simplistic historical relativism but rather a philosophy of history that underscores the active participation of the subjective spirit in the construction of historical knowledge. Its romanticist underpinnings ensure that, while affirming the scientific character of history, it never abandons the pursuit of history's "poetic" and "human" dimensions.