依托中国先进研究堆(CARR)高通量中子源，中子科学技术已深入至各个领域。中子技术因其独特的优势，在文物保护和研究领域扮演着越来越重要的角色。中子衍射、中子活化分析、中子成像等技术各具优势，如中子衍射可分析文物晶体结构确定制造材料和工艺，中子活化分析能非破坏性识别定量文物元素揭示成分来源，中子成像可获取文物内部结构图像。本文旨在深入探讨这三种中子应用技术的基本原理和独特优势，梳理其在国际文物领域的应用现状，并对其在国内文物领域的应用前景进行展望，为国内文物无损分析检测研究提供补充与参考。

Relying on the high-flux neutron source provided by the China Advanced Research Reactor (CARR), neutron science and technology have been increasingly applied in various fields. Owing to their unique advantages, neutron-based techniques have played an increasingly important role in the conservation and study of cultural heritage. Neutron diffraction, neutron activation analysis, and neutron imaging each possess distinct capabilities. For example, neutron diffraction can be used to analyze the crystal structures of cultural relics and determine their manufacturing materials and technological processes; neutron activation analysis enables non-destructive identification and quantitative determination of elemental compositions, providing insights into material sources; and neutron imaging can reveal the internal structures of cultural objects through tomographic imaging. This paper aims to provide an in-depth discussion of the fundamental principles and unique advantages of these three neutron-based analytical techniques, summarize their current applications in the international field of cultural heritage research, and explore their prospects for application in domestic cultural heritage studies. It is expected to provide supplementary information and references for non-destructive analytical and detection research of cultural relics in China.