随着全球航空业的快速发展，中国航空公司面临着激烈的市场竞争和不断变化的经营环境,绩效管理已经成为提升市场竞争力的重要手段。本文以8家国内航空公司为研究对象，采用模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA）方法，从组态的视角探讨了航空公司提升经营绩效的可能途径及其背后的条件因素，重点分析了航线数量、运输总周转量、顾客满意度和航班正常率等因素之间的相互作用。研究发现，航线数量多，运输总周转量大，旅客满意度高的组态和运输总周转量大，航班正常率高，航线数量多的组态可以带来较高绩效，导致低企业绩效的组态也有两种。着重考察了条件组态对企业绩效产生的影响，而非聚焦于单个变量。通过研究，找到了致使企业出现高绩效和低绩效的不同路径，这充分展现出高、低企业绩效及其背后成因存在多重并发因果关系。此外还对民航企业经营绩效提升以及相关影响因素之间的因果非对称性进行了验证。

Against the backdrop of rapid globalization in the aviation industry, Chinese carriers are operating in an increasingly competitive market characterized by volatile business conditions, where performance management has become a strategic imperative for maintaining competitive advantage. This study employs fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to examine eight major domestic airlines, adopting a configurational approach to identify performance-enhancing pathways and their underlying causal recipes. The analysis specifically investigates the complex interplay among four critical operational dimensions: route network density, revenue ton kilometers (RTK), customer satisfaction index (CSI), and on-time performance (OTP) metrics.The fsQCA results reveal two distinct high-performance configurations: (1) a customer-centric configuration combining dense route networks, high RTK throughput, and superior CSI scores; and (2) an operational excellence configuration featuring robust RTK, exceptional OTP, and extensive route coverage. Conversely, two pathological configurations associated with suboptimal performance were identified. Moving beyond traditional linear regression approaches, this study demonstrates how specific combinations of conditions - rather than isolated variables - collectively determine performance outcomes. The findings provide empirical evidence for the principle of equifinality in aviation management, showing multiple causal pathways leading to both high and low performance states. Furthermore, the analysis confirms the presence of causal asymmetry between performance-enhancing and performance-inhibiting factor combinations.