在《翻译、重写以及对文学名声的操纵》一书中，勒菲弗尔以其著名的“改写”论和控制改写的“三要素”论改变了学界对翻译和翻译学的看法。勒菲弗尔认为，翻译即改写。翻译不能真实地反映原作的面貌，因为它始终受到三种因素的操纵：诗学(poetics) ，意识形态(ideology) 和赞助人(patronage) 。本文拟以霍克斯，杨宪法益两个英译本，伊藤漱平的日译本，三个版本的译文为研究对象，考察三个译本中对传统文化要素的翻译处理方式，从改写视角分析上述三种因素对翻译策略的操控作用。

In Translation,Rewriting and the Manipulation of Literary Fame, Lefebvre changed the academic world's view on translation and translatology with his famous theory of rewriting and the "three elements" that control rewriting.Lefebvre believes that translation is rewriting. Translation cannot accurately reflect the original work because it is constantly conditioned by three factors: poetics, ideology, and patronage.  This paper takes hawkes' and Yang's two English versions, as well as The Japanese version by ITO Shuhei as the research objects, to examine the ways in which traditional cultural elements are translated in the three versions, and to analyze the manipulations of the above-mentioned three factors on translation strategies from the perspective of rewriting.