摘要/Abstract

马克思主义理论的研究者一般认为，马克思的经济基础概念指一定阶段社会生产关系的总和，而上层建筑概念具有制度和观念两方面的含义。而实际上，这是对经济基础和上层建筑概念的误解。在理解马克思的经济基础概念时，研究者们混淆了经济基础与社会的经济结构概念；而在思考马克思的上层建筑概念时，他们又错误的将制度纳入上层建筑中。本文认为，马克思的经济基础概念有共时性（生产力和由生产力决定的生产关系）和历时性（生产力和生产关系的矛盾运动）两方面含义，而上层建筑概念意指观念的上层建筑。

Researchers of Marxist theory generally believe that Marx's concept of economic basis refers to the sum of social production relations at a certain stage, while the concept of superstructure has two meanings: system and concept. In fact, this is a misunderstanding of the concepts of economic foundation and superstructure. In understanding Marx's concept of economic basis, researchers confused the concept of economic basis and social economic structure; while thinking about Marx's concept of superstructure, they incorporate the system into the superstructure incorrectly. This paper holds that Marx's concept of economic foundation has two meanings: synchronicity (productive forces and productive relations determined by productive forces) and diachronism (contradictory movement of productive forces and productive relations). The concept of superstructure means superstructure of concepts.