摘要/Abstract

语义启动效应是指在语言理解和产出活动中，对于意义相关的词对，前者能够促进后者的理解和产出。针对语义启动效应的处理机制，研究者提出了众多理论模型来解释这一现象，包括激活扩散模型，复合线索理论和分布记忆模型。本文以英语专业学生为研究对象，探究三类词汇语义关系，即近义关系、反义关系和上下义关系在受试的母语汉语和二语英语中的语义启动效应。研究结果显示：在母语汉语和二语英语中都存在显著的语义启动效应。对比各种语义关系类型的影响时发现，在两种语言中，近义词和反义词都存在显著的语义启动效应。然而，两者之间的启动效应并没

Semantic priming refers to the facilitation of processing of related words in the comprehension and production. The phenomenon was first discovered by Meyer & Schvaneveldt (1971). Since then, numerous theories and models about the mechanisms of semantic priming had been proposed. Some of the most famous ones were Spreading Activation Model, Compound-cue Theories and Distributed Memory Model. The present study tries to investigate the problem. Three major research questions are presented. 1) Whether the semantic priming effect for the three types of lexical relationship will arise in Chinese learners’ native and second language? 2) What’s the difference of semantic priming effect between Chinese learners’ native and second language? 3) How do the lexical relationships influence semantic priming? The questions were investigated by applying the lexical decision task in two experiments. The results of the present study showed that: 1) Semantic priming effect did occur in native Chinese and second language English, which was uniform to the previous studies. 2) The magnitude of semantic priming was not consistent between the native language and the second language by the variables of error rate and reaction time. 3) Generally, synonyms and antonyms have a significant influence on semantic priming effect in the two languages, but there was no significant difference between the two types of relationship. Hyponym exerted different influence on semantic priming effect between native and second languages. In the native language, the hyponym pairs had the largest impact on semantic priming. While in the second language, the semantic relationship of hyponym did not have any impact on semantic priming.