摘要/Abstract

意志自由即“自身按自身的判断行事”是卢梭笔下“自然自由”、“政治自由”和“道德自由”的根基，在此基础上，自然状态下的“自然自由“具有绝对性，社会状态下的“政治自由”表现为个体对公意的绝对服从，而这种服从的有效需要通过立法者的指引、公民宗教、对政府的监督以及经久不衰的习俗和法律；而道德自由表现为个体欲望与能力的动态平衡，其途径为“爱弥儿式的”教育。而由于醉心于自然法则，他的自由思想局限性就在于排除了女性的意志自由，女人不但要服从于他丈夫的意志，而且也无权参与政治生活，使她不能够遵循公意而获得自由。

The liberty of the will that everyone does anything by himself is the fondation of his three different styles of liberties:liberty natural、liberty civil、liberty moral. According to it, barbarian owns the absolute liberty of the will. While in the state of society, the liberty civil is that everyone is obedient to the general will, and the solidity of obdience needs the guidience of legislator ,can not only ardently love the general will, but also practice it by the means of the civil region、the supervision of the government and social customs in accordance with the general will;the liberty moral needs to hold can hold the balance of desire and ability and decide his own choice by cultivate an “Emile”. Due to being lost in the natural principle , the boundedness of his liberty is to exclude the female liberty , because the woman is not only obedient to the will of her husband ,but also can’t participate in the political life which can’t obtain the liberty without submitting the general will.