摘要/Abstract

以435名县级中学高中生为被试，以考试成败归因问卷为工具，探讨了高中生对物理考试成败结果的归因特点。结果表明：（1）整体上看，县级中学高中生对物理考试成败倾向于作内部归因，他们将持久努力、临时努力和学习方法等内部可控原因视为首要原因。（2）自我评价成功者与失败者对考试结果的归因存在明显差异。（3）男女生对考试成功的归因不存在明显的差异，对考试失败的归因有一定差异，女生比男生更看重能力、学习方法、学习基础与任务难度等原因对失败结果的影响。（4）高中生对考试成败的归因不存在明显的年级差异。

In order to explore the attribution characteristic of success or failure of senior middle school students in physics examinations, 435 senior middle school students in county level school are sampled as the subjects of the questionnaire survey in which attribution questionnaire has been used. The results show: (1) As a whole, senior middle school students in county level school tend to attribute success or failure in physics examinations to interior causes, and they give the highest priority to the following three interior controllable causes: the sustained effort, temporary effort and learning methods. (2) There are significant differences in examinations results attribution between the students with self-satisfied and self-unsatisfied achievements. (3) There are no significant gender differences in success attribution, whereas there are certain gender differences in failure attribution. In terms of causes of failure results, girls attach greater importance to ability, learning methods, knowledge basis and task difficulty than boys. (4) There are no significant grade differences in examination results attribution.