The folk song in northern Shaanxi is one of the folk songs of the Han nationality, which is ideal combination of the local characteristics and pluralities. Such songs are difficult to translate into foreign languages, which requires to carefully analyze the ecological system of the folk song and its translation. This article, by applying Xu Jianzhong’s theory of translation ecology, explores the connotation of the folk song of northern Shannxi and discusses the ecological criteria of translating it.