基于就业稳定性视角的户籍工资差异
作者：王维国 周 闯
摘要/Abstract
获得稳定的就业是农民工市民化过程中最为关键的环节。本文将是否与雇主签订一年期以上合约作为就业稳定性的划分，对农民工和城镇工获得稳定就业机会的差异进行了探讨，并进一步对稳定就业的户籍工资差异和非稳定就业的户籍工资差异进行了分解。结果表明，城镇工获得稳定就业的比例远高于农民工，但这种差异主要是由人力资本的差异引起的，不可解释部分占比较低，为21.85-26.31%；稳定就业户籍工资差异的不可解释部分要低于非稳定就业户籍工资差异的不可解释部分，前者为35.65%，后者为57.52%。因此，政府应采取各种措施提升农民工的人力资本水平，这不仅能够增强农民工的就业稳定性，而且能够降低工资的户籍歧视程度。
Obtaining stable work is the most critical aspect in the process of becoming a citizen for a rural migrant worker. We distinguish the stable employment as signing over one year contract with employers and investigate the employment stability differentials between rural migrant workers and urban workers. Furthermore, we analyze the wage gap between urban workers and rural migrant workers in the stable employment and in the unstable employment respectively. The results show: the stable employment ratio of urban workers is higher than that of rural migrant workers, but the ratio gap can be explained by the difference in human capital and only 21.58-26.31% of the ratio gap can’t be explained. 35.65% of the wage gap in the stable employment can’t be explained and the ratio is lower than that in the unstable employment which is 57.52%. Therefore, the government should take various measures to enhance the level of human capital of rural migrant workers, which not only can enhance the employment stability of rural migrant workers, but also to reduce the degree of wage discrimination .
