民国时期育婴堂中的乳妇研究
作者：李金莲
摘要/Abstract
民国时期，大部分育婴堂都雇请乳妇来乳养婴儿。为了保证乳养实效，育婴堂在乳妇的选拔、管理等方面制定了严格的规则。乳妇通过出卖自己的乳汁，获得相应的工资及生活待遇，得以养家糊口；同时，乳妇哺乳了大量的弃婴，在育婴事业中起到了重要的作用。但是，民国时期的政体变革、贪污腐败、管理混乱等因素严重地影响到了管理规则的实施，影响到了乳妇的命运。于是，连“乳妇”这一种特殊的职业也慢慢地走向了衰落。
During the Period of the Republic of China, a hired wet-nurse in the public orphanage devoted to the care of orphans-children whose parents are deceased or otherwise unable or unwilling to care for them. However some orphanages, especially in developing cities have been drawn up a series of systems such as the management of selected wet-nurses and provided remuneration for their services. Although child-care funding was not sufficient, the rules could be issued and conducted as long as poor people rely on the money for their living, and orphanages were one way of providing such continuous benefits. Because of the special raising means, the number of baby-rearing increased and the infant mortality rate declined. Unfortunately wet-nursing has no place in non-profit organization and the management of orphanage changed greatly until the end of Chinese Civil War.
